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The phase compensation can also be used when the characteristic needs to be shifted by a given angle or flipped over into the inductive region, e.g. for test purposes. If the c.t. starpoint is earthed secondarily in the direction of the generator starpoint, then an angle of -180° has to be added.
Display of measured variable: The display of the measured variable in the case of the underreactance protection is an impedance vector which starts at the centre of the circular characteristic. This vector and the vector of the impedance measured at the generator terminals form a triangle as shown in Fig. 3.5.14.5. The protection picks up, if the displayed impedance equals or is less than the radius of the circle:Power (Power) A. Application Power function for monitoring reverse power active power reactive power power direction. B. Features definite time delay over or underpower adjustable characteristic angle provision for correction of phase errors caused by the input circuit one, two or three-phase measurement wide setting ranges (see Fig. 3.5.15.2 to Fig. 3.5.15.3) correction of c.t. and v.t. phase errors insensitive to DC components in voltage and current insensitive to harmonics in voltage and current. C. Inputs and outputs I. C.t./v.t. inputs: current voltage II. Binary inputs: Blocking III. Binary outputs: pick-up tripping IV. Measurements: power.
Setting restrictions: Power amplitude not less than: 0.005 PN when connected to metering cores 0.020 PN when connected to protection cores also n x 0.005 PN should the sampling groups for voltage and current be different in the analogue input circuit (to allow for possible errors for f fN; n = 1...3 according to the spacing of the sampling groups).In view of the required accuracy, the use of metering cores is recommended for settings 0.2 PN. Angle Angle between voltage and current for maximum sensitivity. 0° = active power measurement 90° = reactive power measurement (inductive), Settings between these limits are possible, e.g. for directional measurements at locations on the power system. The correction of phase errors caused by the input circuit is also possible.
Drop-Ratio Reset value in relation to the pick-up value. Thus depending on the sign of the pick-up value, the setting of the reset ratio must be greater or less than 100 %. Forbidden settings: Reset ratios >100 % for MAX and P-Setting >0 Reset ratios <100 % for MAX and P-Setting <0 Reset ratios <100 % for MIN and P-Setting >0 Reset ratios >100 % for MIN and P-Setting <0. A large hysteresis must be selected for low pick-up settings and a small one for high pick-up settings (see Fig. 3.5.15.1). Forbidden settings for hysteresis (= 100% reset ratio) settings: 0 5% 0 01 . . P Setting - PN 10% P Setting - PN These conditions are fulfilled by setting, for example, for 02 1 , : P PN - Setting 95% and for 0 005 0 2 . .: P PN - Setting 60%. Delay Time between the function picking up and tripping. The time the function takes to reset is also influenced by the delay set for operation, i.e.: for t > 100 ms, the function resets after 50 ms, otherwise resetting is instantaneous. MaxMin defines whether over or underpower function. Settings: MIN: overpower MAX: underpower. Caution: The number and its sign are relevant and not just the value, i.e. “MIN” must be set for reverse power, because tripping takes place for a power less than zero (P-Setting < 0).