The filter parameters are represented by the three constants KP, KI and KD, which correspond to the proportional, integral and derivative term respectively. The damping element of the filter acts as a predictor, thereby reducing the delay associated with the motor response. The integrator function, represented by the parameter KI, improves the system accuracy. With the KI parameter, the motor does not stop until it reaches the desired position exactly, regardless of the level of friction or opposing torque. The integrator also reduces the system stability. Therefore, it can be used only when the loop is stable and has a high gain.
The output of the filter is applied to a digital-to-analog converter (DAC).
The resulting output signal in the range between +10 and -10 Volts is then applied to the amplifier and the motor. The motor position, whether rotary or linear is measured by a sensor. The resulting signal, called position feedback, is returned to the controller for closing the loop. The following section describes the operation in a detailed mathematical form, including modeling, analysis and design.
Encoder
The encoder generates N pulses per revolution. It outputs two signals, Channel A and B, which are in quadrature. Due to the quadrature relationship between the encoder channels, the position resolution is increased to 4N quadrature counts/rev.The notch filter has two complex zeros, Z and z, and two complex poles, P and p. The effect of the notch filter is to cancel the resonance affect by placing the complex zeros on top of the resonance poles. The notch poles, P and p, are programmable and are selected to have sufficient damping. It is best to select the notch parameters by the frequency terms. The poles and zeros have a frequency in Hz, selected by the command NF. The real part of the poles is set by NB and the real part of the zeros is set by NZ. The most simple procedure for setting the notch filter, identify the resonance frequency and set NF to the same value. Set NB to about one half of NF and set NZ to a low value between zero and 5.
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