D16 Instructions Load-format and store-format instructions also come in a "d16" variant. For stores, each 32-bit VGPR holds two 16-bit data elements that are passed to the texture unit. The texture unit converts them to the texture format before writing to memory. For loads, data returned from the texture unit is converted to 16 bits, and a pair of data are stored in each 32- bit VGPR (LSBs first, then MSBs). The DMASK bit represents individual 16- bit elements; so, when DMASK=0011 for an image-load, two 16-bit components are loaded into a single 32-bit VGPR.
The A16 instruction bit indicates that the address components are 16 bits instead of the usual 32 bits. Components are packed such that the first address component goes into the low 16 bits ([15:0]), and the next into the high 16 bits ([31:16])
Image Resource
The image resource (also referred to as T#) defines the location of the image buffer in memory, its dimensions, tiling, and data format. These resources are stored in four or eight consecutive SGPRs and are read by MIMG instructions.Resource MipLevels-1. Describes the resource, as opposed to baselevel and last-level which describes the resource-view. For MSAA, holds the number of samples.The sampler resource (also referred to as S#) defines what operations to perform on texture map data read by sample instructions. These are primarily address clamping and filter options. Sampler resources are defined in four consecutive SGPRs and are supplied to the texture cache with every sample instruction.
Vector Memory Instruction Data Dependencies
When a VM instruction is issued, it schedules the reads of address and write-data from VGPRs to be sent to the texture unit. Any ALU instruction which attempts to write this data before it has been send to the texture unit will be stalled. The shader developer’s responsibility to avoid data hazards associated with VMEM instructions include waiting for VMEM read instruction completion before reading data fetched from the TC (VMCNT and VSCNT). This is explained in the section: Data Dependency Resolution
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