The Internet Protocol (IP) is designed for use in interconnected systems of packet-switched computer communication networks. The Internet protocol provides for transmitting of blocks of data called datagrams (hence User Datagram Protocol, or UDP) from sources to destinations, where sources and destinations are hosts identified by fixed length addresses. The UDP/IP protocols are necessary for the TFTP and BOOTP protocols; TFTP and BOOTP require a UDP/IP connection.
The Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) basically allows a diskless client machine to discover: ❏ Its own IP address ❏ The address of a server host ❏ The name of a file to be loaded into memory and executed
RARP/ARP Protocol Modules
The Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) basically consists of: ❏ An identity-less node broadcasting a “whoami” packet onto the Ethernet ❏ The node awaiting an answer ❏ The RARP server filling an Ethernet reply packet with the target's Internet Address ❏ The RARP server sending it to the node The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) basically provides a method of converting protocol addresses (e.g., IP addresses) to local area network addresses (e.g., Ethernet addresses). The RARP protocol module supports systems which do not support the BOOTP protocol (next paragraph).
TFTP Protocol Module
The Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a simple protocol to transfer files. It is implemented on top of the Internet User Datagram Protocol (UDP or Datagram) so it may be used to move files between machines on different networks implementing UDP. The only thing it can do is read and write files from/to a remote server.The “control” capability of the Network Boot Control Module is needed to tie together all the necessary modules (capabilities) and to sequence the booting process. The booting sequence consists of two phases: ❏ “Address determination and bootfile selection” phase ❏ “File transfer” phase The first phase utilizes the RARP/BOOTP capability and the second phase utilizes the TFTP capability.
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