ICS TRIPLEX T8402 Control card

Eight pseudo-registers (R0 through R7) called offset registers are used to simplify the debugging of relocatable and positionindependent modules. The listing files in these types of programs usually start at an address (normally 0) that is not the one at which they are loaded, so it is harder to correlate addresses in the listing with addresses in the loaded program. The offset registers solve this problem by taking into account this difference and forcing the display of addresses in a relative address+offset format. Offset registers have adjustable ranges and may even have overlapping ranges. The range for each offset register is set by two addresses: base and top. Specifying the base and top addresses for an offset register sets its range. In the event that an address falls in two or more offset registers' ranges, the one that yields the least offset is chosen.

Entering and Debugging Programs 

There are various ways to enter a user program into system memory for execution. One way is to create the program using the Memory Modify (MM) command with the assembler/ disassembler option. You enter the program one source line at a time. After each source line is entered, it is assembled and the object code is loaded to memory. Refer to Chapter 4 for complete details of the 16XBug Assembler/Disassembler. Another way to enter a program is to download an object file from a host system. The program must be in S-record format (described in Appendix C) and may have been assembled or compiled on the host system. Alternately, the program may have been previously created using the 16XBug MM command as outlined above and stored to the host using the Dump (DU) command.

communication link must exist

 between the host system and the MVME16X port 1. (Hardware configuration details are in the section on Installation and Startup in Chapter 1.) The file is downloaded from the host to MVME16X memory by the Load (LO) command. Another way is by reading in the program from disk, using one of the disk commands (BO, BH, IOP). Once the object code has been loaded into memory, you can set breakpoints if desired and run the code or trace through it. Yet another way is via the network, using one of the network disk commands (NBO, NBH, NIOP).

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