In general public-sector auditing can be described as a systematic process of objectively obtaining and evaluating evidence to determine whether information or actual conditions conform to established criteria. Publicsector auditing is essential in that it provides legislative and oversight bodies, those charged with governance and the general public with information and independent and objective assessments concerning the stewardship and performance of government policies, programmes or operations. 19) SAIsserve this aimasimportant pillars oftheir national democratic systems and governancemechanisms and play an importantrole in enhancing public-sector administration by emphasising the principles of transparency, accountability, governance and performance. INTOSAI P-20 Principles of Transparency and Accountability contain INTOSAI core principles in this regard.
All public-sector audits start from objectives
which may differ depending on the type of audit being conducted. However, all public-sector auditing contributes to good governance by: • providing the intended users with independent, objective and reliable information, conclusions or opinions based on sufficient and appropriate evidence relating to public entities;• enhancing accountability and transparency, encouraging continuous improvement and sustained confidence in the appropriate use of public funds and assets and the performance of public administration; • reinforcing the effectiveness of those bodies within the constitutional arrangement that exercise general monitoring and corrective functions over government, and those responsible forthe management of publiclyfunded activities; • creating incentives for change by providing knowledge, comprehensive analysis and well-founded recommendations for improvement.
Types of public-sector audit
The three main types of public-sector audit are defined as follows: Financial audit focuses on determining whether an entity’s financial information is presented in accordance with the applicable financial reporting and regulatory framework. This is accomplished by obtaining sufficient and appropriate audit evidence to enable the auditor to express an opinion as to whether the financial information is free from material misstatement due to fraud or error
Superior products
ABB -- AC 800M controller, Bailey, PM866 controller, IGCT silicon controlled 5SHY 3BHB01 3BHEO0 3HNA00 DSOC series
BENTLY --- 3500 system/proximitor, front and rear cards, sensors, power modules, probes, cables
Emerson -- modbus card, power panel, controller, power supply, base, power module, switchEPRO --- Data acquisition module, probe, speed sensor, vibration sensor, shaft vibration transmitter, proximitor
FOXBORO - thermal resistance input/output module, power module, communication module, cable, controller, switch
GE --- module, air switch, I/O module, display, CPU module, power module, converter, CPU board, Ethernet module, integrated protection device, power module, gas turbine card
HIMA --- DI module, processor module, AI card, pulse encoder
Honeywell --- Secure digital output card, program module, analog input card, CPU module, FIM cardMOOG - servo valve, controller, module, power module
NI --- Information acquisition card, PXI module, card, chassis multi-channel control card
WESTINGHOUSE --- RTD thermal resistance input module, AI/AO/DI/DO module, power module, control module, base module
Woodward - Regulator, module, controller, governor
YOKOGAWA - Servo module, control cabinet node unit